First Language

Insights & Research

Research, perspectives, and ideas exploring the relationship between language, education, opportunity, and integration.

CultureJune 10, 20263 min read

Diaspora Dictionaries

When families move across countries, their language moves with them, but it does not remain unchanged. New words enter it. Old expressions acquire different meanings.

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Field NotesApril 15, 20264 min read

Language Loss in One Generation

Language can disappear from a family much faster than people expect. A parent may arrive in the United States believing that the language spoken at home is so deeply rooted that children will naturally preserve it.

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ResearchMarch 11, 20263 min read

The Bilingual Brain, the Civic Mind

Bilingualism is often promoted with an appealing promise: speaking two languages supposedly makes the brain inherently sharper, improves attention, strengthens memory, increases empathy, and produces better problem solvers.

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EducationFebruary 11, 20264 min read

English as the Operating Layer

More than 5.3 million students in American public schools were classified as English Learners in fall 2021, representing approximately 10.6 percent of total public-school enrollment.

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PolicyJanuary 14, 20264 min read

Mother Tongue as Infrastructure

When immigrant families arrive in the United States, language is often discussed almost exclusively in terms of English acquisition. That emphasis is understandable.

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